Photographic apparatus employing a scanning device



Nov. 8, 1949 v. E. PRATT El AL PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS EMPLOYING A SCANNING DEVICE 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 8, 1946 9 3 NT Ii INVENTORS VERA/EUR E. PFPATT BY GEORGE F. GRAY A T TOPNE Y5 Nov. 8, 1949 v. EL PRATT ET AL 2,487,671

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS EMPLOYING A SCANNING DEVICE Filed Aug. 8, 1946 8 SheetsSheet 2 I I T 771 1 T .1

47 in L N G 38 4a 65 ,5/ 1 l/ Y I 1 6 57 55 20 466- 46 46 6--{ Lf vvq "4 62 48 rlfia W59 A T TOPNE VS Nov. 8, 1949 v. E. PRATT ET AL PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS EMPLOYING A SCANNING DEVICE 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 8, 1946 INVENTORS VER/VEUR E. PRATT GEORGE F. GRAY AT TOR/V5 VS Nov. 8, 1949 v. E. PRATT El AL 2,487,671

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS EMPLOYING A SCANNING DEVICE Filed Aug. 8, 1946 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORS VERA/EUR E. PRATT GEORGE F. GRAY A 7' TOP/VEVS Nov. 8, 1949 v. E. PRATT ET AL PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS EMPLOYING A SCANNING DEVICE 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 8, 1946 INVENTOR VERA/EUR E. PRATT GEORGE F. GRAY A T FORM/E KS Nov. 8, 1949 v. E. PRATT El AL 2,437,671

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS EMPLOYING A SCANNING DEVICE Filed Aug. 8, 1946 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 EA. l l g 65 -00 64 E1 W'L A 2, A T 77 LL! I :62 36 /07 09 3 4-7 /09 E 0 a u v A a; F //o I 0 o L 42/ 777 AM. 4/6 k -/ZO if M 46 I, #5

INVENTORS VERA/EUR 5 PRATT GEORGE F. GRAY A TTOR/VEVS Nov. 8, 1949 v. E. PRATT in AL 2,487,571

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS EMPLOYING A SCANNING DEVICE Filed Aug. 8, 1946 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 IN V EN T 0R. l [RNEUR E. PRATT GEORGE I. GPA K Nov. 8, 1949 v. E. PRATT ET AL PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS EMPLOYING A SCANNING DEVICE 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Aug. 8, 1946 Hill:

INVENTORS Vie/viva E. Pam-r.- 65024: F. 629v.

Patented Nov. 8, 1949 PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS EMPLOYING A SCANNING DEVICE Verneur E. Pratt and George F. Gray,

Norwalk,

Application August 8, 1946, Serial No. 689,281

The co-pending application Serial Number 628,540, filed November 14, 1945, discloses a method of photography employing a scanning camera having a movable film and a scanning mirror moved in timed relation to the movement of the film which scans the copy to be photographed. The scanning unit has a motor which continuously rotates the mirror and control mechanism for determining how much of the total copy area is scanned during such complete revolution of the mirror.

The method disclosed in said application is that of scanning the object to be photographed with a scanning member adapted to reflect a flowing image of said object through a lens, whereby the latter progressively impresses said reflected image upon a moving photo-sensitive element.

The instant application is directed to an apparatus for practicing said method and discloses a camera which can also be used as a projector or enlarger and which, therefore, has a large field of usefulness especially in the microfilm field for which it is particularly adapted.

The invention also discloses the use of a suitable clutch between the scanning mirror, or optical beam deflecting member, and its motor (as distinguished from the direct-connected arrangement disclosed in the aforesaid application) one of the objects of which is to enable the mirror to be returned to its initial position after each scanning sweep. This arrangement has certain advantages which will be apparent from the follow ing specification, among which is the advantage that the mirror is released to the action of a spring which returns the mirror to a definite starting position after each scanning operation.

Another object is the provision of a scanning device in which a mechanically operated clutch may be employed and which is self-controlling once its scanning cycle of operation has been pre-selected. 4

Another object is the provision of a scanning device in which a single-revolution clutch is employed making possible the elimination of the camera shutter by employing the mirror holder to cut oif light from the mirror as presently described.

A further object is to provide improved control heads for use with various species of clutches employed in scanning devices such as those hereindisclosed.

The following specification and drawings describe by way of illustration preferred embodiments of the invention, it being understood that the details of construction of the parts are given but with the baiile rest 17 Claims. (Cl. 8824) merely for illustrative purposes and are not to be considered as limitations as they may be varied within wide limits without, however, departing from the scope of the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a front view of a camera-projector embodying this invention;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal view, partly in section, of a scanning device which may be used in the apparatus shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the right hand end of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a sectional view on the line 4, 4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a front the device of Figure 2;

Figure 6 is a sectional rear view of the control head of the device of Figure 2 taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 3;

Figure 7 is a sectional view of modified form of the control device shown in Figure 2;

Figure 8 is a wiring diagram of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 with the scanning device of Figure 2 or Figure 9;

Figure 9 is a longitudinal view partly in section, of an alternate form of scanning device that can be used in the apparatus, Figure 1, instead of the device shown in Figure 2;

Figure 9a is a sectional view on the line 9a, 9a of Figure 9.

Figure 10 is a front the device, Figure 9;

Figure 11 is a longitudinal view partly in section of an alternate form of scanning device that can be used in the apparatus Figure 1 instead of the device shown in Figure 2;

Figure 12 is a diagram of the starting or at position of the mirror in the device Figure 11 and the battle plates used therewith;

Figure 13 isadiagram showing how the bafiic plates of Figure 12 are adjusted; and

Figure 14 is a wiring diagram of the apparatus Figure 1 with the scanning device of Figure 11 plates omitted for the sake of view of the control head of view of the control head of clearness.

Figures 15 and 16 are diagrams of alternate means of operating agclutch; and

Figures 17, 18 and 19 are diagrams of alternate means of controlling the movement of film in the apparatus.

Fig. 20 is a sectional view of the camera head used in the apparatus herein described.

The camera-projector head or optical instrument used with the apparatus disclosed herein may be of any suitable type such, for example, as

that shown in the co-pending application Serial Number 547,131, filed July 29, 1944, and entitled Photographic devicesfnow Patent No. 2,478,980 of August 16, 1949.

riefiy described, referring to Figure 1, such a camera-projector when used as a camera, has a film to wound off delivery reel H, over guide rollers 12, 12a. carried around the transparent drum l3, over drive roller 14 driven through a clutch by a motor (the clutch and motor are not shown in Figure 1 but are shown in Figures 8 and 20), over guide roller I21) and finally wound up on take-up reel I5.

A lens 16 is positioned in front of the film. Suitable slits l1, I8 may be associated with said lens to define the optical path thereof.

A suitable shutter mechanism 19 preferably electrically operated is placed so that it can be operated as hereafter described, to cut the optical path of the lens. A suitable shutter is shown in the co-pending application Serial Number 628,540, filed November 14, 1945, entitled Scanning camera.

Lamps 20, 2i, 22, illuminate the copy such as the book 23 and the light reflected therefrom passes upward along path 26 to the scanning mirror in a scanning device generallydenoted by the in detail.

Referring to Figure 2 iri which one form of scanning device is shown, there is a casing 32 forming a support and having a bracket 33 therein supporting a synchronous motor 34 connected via wires 35 to the circuit to be presently described. The motor shaft is connected to a reduction gear 36, the shaft of which is connected in turn to the driving member of a magnetic clutch 31, which by wires 38 connects to the circuit to be presently described. A head 32 closes the rear end of the casing.

numeral 25, is reflected along the path 24a, to

mirror 26, to mirror 21, to mirror 28, to mirror 29 and to the lens l6 and to the film H) which receives the image. The mirrors 26, 29 and 21, 28 are relatively adjustable to vary the length of the optical path between the lens l6 and copy support which feature forms the subject matter of a co-pending application for patent, so is not here claimed.

The mirror in scanning device 25 and the film in are moved in timed relation as hereinafter described so that as the miror moves to scan the stationery copy, an image thereof is flowed onto the film. When used as a-qprojector, the copy is replaced by a suitable light sensitive medium such as photographic paper laid fiat upon the support 30 and the film H! is a film containing the images to be printed on the paper.

The camera projector head located in the upper drawer of the cabinet Figure 1 may be, as previously stated, of the type shown in the copending application Serial Number 547,131, filed on July 29, 1944, wherein a light source is shown which projects a beam of light through the wall of the transparent drum 13 (as more fully described and illustrated in application Serial Number 547,- 131 before mentioned) and through the film l0 thereon. The emergent beam from the lens travels in a reverse path from that just described and, as the film and mirror move, the enlarged image, as hereinafter described, is projected downward and flowed on the paper.

Referring to Fig. 20, the camera head therein shown is arranged so that the aperture M8 is drawn 90 degrees from the position shown in this figure to face the mirror "29 so that the light from the lamp I49, passes prism I50 and through the wall of the transparent drum 13, the film ill thereon, through slit it (if the slit is used) and via the path shown at l5! and to the mirrors 29, 28, 21, 26, to the light path 24a as seen in Fig. 1 and to the mirror in the scanning device 25 whereby the projected image from film i0 is projected downward in path 24 and flowed on the sensitized paper on support 30.

The various parts just described are mounted in a suitable support such as cabinet 3i, as more fully described in the application Serial Number 628,540 aforesaid.

A central partition 39 closes the front end of the casing 32 and forms a bearing support for the driven shaft 40 of the clutch 31 which extends through the forward part 41 of the casing and is supported in a bearing 42 in the front end there- Shaft supports within the forward portion 4| of the casing, a mirror holder 43 supporting a mirror 44 which acts as an optical beam-deflecting means and in operation scans the area of support 38 from 0 on the left to 30 on the right, as shown on scale 45, The mirror may be as long as the support 30 is deep-say 15 inches. The total area of the space scanned thereby (if the scale 45 is in inches) would be 15 x 30 inches. The mirror may be to 1 inch wide or of any suitable width, and only long enough to receive the optical beam at that point.

The underside of the casing ll is cut away as indicated at 46 so that the mirror can scan anything on support 30 such as the book 23, and has an opening 41 in a side wall to permit the optical path 26a to extend between the mirror at and the lens 15. The control head for the device Figure 2 is best shown in Figures 3 and 5.

A disc 58 is secured to shaft 30 to turn therewith and has a pin 49 projecting therefrom which rests against a stop 50 secured to a. plate 5! having a toothed edge, said plate being supported free to turn on a forwardly extending boss on hearing 42. I

The shaft 40 extends outwardly through bearing 42 and has a collar 52 secured thereto, which collar holds plate 5| loosely against the outer end of bearing 42. A gear 53 is meshed with the teeth on plate 5| and is secured to the stub shaft 54 secured to the casing member 55.

The outer end of shaft 54 has secured thereto a knob 56. By turning this knob, gear 53 will revolve plate 51, and by means of lock nut 51 the plate can be locked in any desired position for a purpose to be presently described.

Fingers 58, 59 are loosely supported on the outer end of shaft 40 so as to be movable thereabout, and these fingers can be adjusted to any desired position relative to plate 5| and secured in such position by tightening nut 60 on the threaded end of shaft 40 as best seen in Figure 3.

Fingers 58, 59 when they revolve engage the actuating members 6 l, 62 respectively of the control switches 63, 64 mounted immediately above the fingers as shown in Fig. 2.

A spring 65 has one end secured at 66 on bearing 42 or to some other stationary part of the device and is coiled about shaft 5t and its free end hooked over pin 59 or otherwise secured to the mirror holder or frame 43 so as to always not be held with its contacts closed during the urge said holder and its connected parts includrest of the cycle. 111g Shaft 40 a fi e s 59 in a clockwise (f) As relay 84 closes contacts 85, a circuit is direction so that when the clutch 31 is released established from main conductor 14, via closed and the motor 34 disconnected from the shaft 5 contacts on stop-switch 63, via contacts 88, to 40, th pin 4 w ll lie a ain t the St p or abutconductor 81, to the camera clutch 11, shutter ment 50. The stop 50 is made adjustable relamechanism is and signal lamp 88, and from these tive to plate 5| by providing same with a slot 61 via conductor 12a and the contacts 8|, 8|a of for screw 61a Fig. 6, by which the stop is 56- relay 80, to main conductor 12. The shutter l9 cured to the plate. 10 is operated to open the optical path to the film.

Figure 8 is a wiring diagram of the apparatus (g) Camera clutch 11 connects the film feed ng that is to say, the left hand page of book 23- timed relation to the sweep of mirror 44 over the the plate 5| having arrow 55 thereon is set at copy, and in the proper direction. 0 indicated by the numeral 69 on the face 10 (h) When the mirror 44 has scanned the copy of the casing by turning knob 56 and tightening to the point 15' on scale 45, stop finger 58, which nut 51.

The starting finger 59 is now set slightly to spaced behind finger 59 in its path of travel, has the right of the arrow 68 and the stop-finger reached the arrow 68 on plate 5| 58 is set at 15" on plate 5| and the knob 60 actuating member 6| of switch 63 which opens tightened to hold both fingers locked to shaft its contacts. The followi 40 to revolve therewith. Relay 84 opens all its contacts opening the Wires 1|, 12 being connected to a suitable camera clutch and stopping movement of the source of current, and main switch 13 being film l0.

closed, current will flow via conductor 14 to the Signal lamp 88 is extinguished.

motor 34 of the scanning device to the camera The shutter l9 closes and shuts oiT all light motor denoted by the numeral 15 (a synchronous to film I0.

motor) and to lamps 20, 2|, 22. The lamps will Relay 80 opens its contacts and signal lamp 15 be illuminated to illuminate the copy 23, and 39 is illuminated.

signal lamp, 16 will also light, and the motors will Clutch 31 in the scanning device 25 opens and revolve, but the clutch 31 for the scanning de- .the mirror 44 stops moving counterclockwise. vice is not closed so the mirror 44 does not move; When the mirror 44 is moved during the scannor is the camera clutch, denoted by the nuning peration, as pla e nd s p 50 th reon meral 11, located between the camera motor 15 3.; main stationary, the p n 49 or the mirror asand the film drive roller |4 closed, and the film s y leaves the stop and a s away from the i n t i ti latter against the tension of spring 65; therefore,

If th push b tt switch 1 is pressed t when clutch 31 releases the shaft of the mirmentarily close its contacts, a circuit is estabss mbly, he Spring 65 returns the assembly lished from main conductor 14 through the nor- 40 to t initial starting position where p n 49 i mally closed contacts of stop-switch 63, via conrestmg against Stop 59 as Shown 111 Figures 3, ductor 19, through contacts of switch 18, through and Because of this provision to return the mirror l i y a l) gi es u c i t ac t z n'l s l 82, and 44 to its initial starting position after it has comremains closed when switch 18 is released. The 45 plated Scanning operation instead of causing the mirror to make a complete revolution to reggy g g i gfi Signal lamp 76 is turn to starting position, the mirror can be set br0ken to scan any fraction of the support 30 in the focal plane of the lens l6. (b) Th conductor 12 is extended 1a conductor 12a t: the clutch 31 of the scanning device, f, f ff suppose it is desired to scan from and said clutch is operated to close, and mirror 20 to 30 on scale I Y, 44 begins to move shaft 40 revolving anticlock- 3g: gg' if ii is set-with its arrow 68 on 20 Wise in The st n e 59i t t (c) The pre-setting of the plate 5| with arrow r The a gi a; 3 3? g z 68 thereon to (69) has positioned the mir- I? s n p a e The device will now operate as previously deror to plck up the beam reflected from the copy scr'bed in c ect'o 'th beginning at the left of copy 23 slightly to the 1 cm I n W Scanning from o to 15. The film will not start to move until the left 9f the D 83 on Said copyi thajt when scanning beam is at 20" and will stop when the beam has scanned to 30. The mirror 44 will shaft 40 reaches 0" (arrow 68) On the plate, the 60 be returned t t t t int t 20" on Scale mirror 44 has just started to scan the left hand g no edge 83 01' he DY- that point, and sprin alwa s returns the (d) At this point starting finger 59 operates g actuating member 62 of switch 64 which momento rotate. A circuit can now be .traced from main 54 of Fig. 3 may be conductor 14 via closed contacts on switch 63,

through relay 84, through contacts on switch 64 with its t ct to conductor 12a, contact 8|a on relay 80 and via When the device operates, as p arm 8| thereof to main conductor 12.

(e) Relay 84 locks itself in closed circuit posi- 64b forces the swit tion as its contacts 85 close, as it is then bridged the operation i th across the main circuit 14, 12. Switch -64 can, When spring 65 returns the pin 49 to the stop therefore, be a passing-contact switch and need 50, the pin restores switch 64a in the preceding figures so they will not be described.

The motor 34 operates through gear reduction 36 to drive thedriven member of a single-revolution clutch I01 of any suitable constructionsuch, for example, as commonly used on punch presses or the like. Such clutches have a trip lever I08 which, when operated to connect the driving and driven members of the clutch, permit the driven member to make one complete revolution only, whereupon I08 reengages and the clutch is stopped with the driven member in its original or starting position.

The shaft IDS is connected to the driven member of the clutch and carries the mirror frame or holder 43 and mirror 44. Normally the mirror lies in the position shown in Figure 12 so that the frame 43 acts as a light shield or guard between the optical paths 24, 24a, of Fig. '1, or 46, 41 of Fig. 11.

The shaft I09 is supported in front bearing 42 and outside this hearing a plate H6 surrounds the shaft butv does'not turn with it, said plate being fixed to the front I I I of the casing.

The plate Ill! is marked to 30 similar to plate i Figure 5, and for the same purpose, viz: these markings correspond to 0 to 30 on scale 45 and denote the longitudinal area scanned by the mirror 44 in a complete sweep across the support 30.

The outer end of shaft I 09 is threaded to receive the knob or nut 60 and this nut holds the fingers 58, 59 in various adjusted positions about the shaft I99, as previously described, in connection with the preceding figures. ate switches 63, 64, as previously described.

The casing 4| has at each edge of the lower opening 46 thereof (which is sufficiently wide to permit the mirror 44 to scan the support 30 from being hung in ears 4Ia, 4Ib, extending from the casing as best seen in Figure 11. A rod II 4 for each flap extends outwardly through casing III and has a handle II 5 secured thereto. A dial H6 is provided adjacent a pointer II! on the handle and is graduated 0 to 30 corresponding to scale 45, the graduationson dial H6 indicating when the flaps are located to define the optical path at the corresponding point on the support 30.

For example, referring to Figure 12, the oaflie H2 defines the left hand or starting edge of the field at 0 on support 38, and the bafiie H3 defines the rig-ht hand edge of the field being scanned at on, support 30; therefore, the only area. the mirror can see to scan is the first l5 inc-hes of the copy from 0 to 15 on scale 45. Assuming bafiie I i2 was moved to 15 on dial I I6, its lowerend would be at "15 on support 36, and if baffle H3 was moved to 30 on its dial IIB, its lower end would be at 30 on support 30, and the area' scanned, would be 15 inches long beginning at 15. and ending at 30 on scale 45. The lower edges of the baffles are made adjustable in any suitable manner such as by extensions, one of which is shown at H8, Figure 13, which may be slotted and attached to the bailie H2 by thumb screws H9 in a manner that will be obvious. The baffles may/therefore, be brought down into actual contact with any part of the copy on support 30 to define the area thereof to be scanned. Lock nuts I26 are provided to lock the baffles in any set position.

Obviously the baiiles may be used with any form of scanning device, but are particularly useful These fingers oper- 10 with the form shown in Figure 11 for reasons hereafter mentioned.

When the baflles H2, H3 are employed in a camera, the lamps 20, 22 which may be tubular lamps, are brought down toward the support 30 and so positioned that the light from same can pass underneath the lower edges of the bailles to illuminate the copy. The lamps may be supported in any suitable manner on the side walls 3Ia of the opening 3Ib in the cabinet. One of the lamps is shown diagrammatically in Figure 12 in this position.

When extensions such as I I8 are applied to the baliles, then lamps 20, 22 cannot be used as they are outside the battles and light from them cannot strike the space therebetween. In this event lamps 20, 21 are placed at each end of the scanning device used such as 25, (Fig. 2) between the ends 46a, 46b of the slot 46 and adjacent parts such as the inner wall of the casing 55. Room at this point is provided for the lamps and they are so positioned that light therefrom will be re fiected downward and onto the copy between the bafiles in a manner that will be obvious.

Figure 14 is a wiring diagram of the apparatus when the device shown in Figure 11 is used. The operation is much like the circuits of Figure 8 and like parts have the same numerals.

Assuming it is desired to photograph copy from O to 15 on support The baiiie plates H2, I! 3 are set, as previously described, to define the area to be scanned.

Start-finger 59 is set slightly to the right of 0 on plate Iii).

Stop-finger 58 is set at 15 on plate ill].

Switch 73 is closed; signal lamp 76 is iluminated. Switch 78 is closed momentarily, thereby operating the magnet I2I which operates the trip lever 108 of the clutch I01, moving said member from the position shown in solid lines to the position shown in dotted lines. This extinguishes signal lamp [6, the circuit of which is broken at I08a, (Figure 14).

The member I08 releases the trip lever cam [01a of the clutch I61. The clutch now operates to turn the mirror 44 a full revolution through 360 degrees and during this revolution scans the copy on support 30 between the baffles.

The start-finger 59 having been set at 15 operates switch 64 at the proper time to energize relay 84 and operate clutch ll in the camera to move film I0 therein in timed relation to the movement of the mirror scanning the copy. At the end of the scanned space, the stop-finger 58 operates switch 63 to restore the circuit to waiting position.

Signal lamp 88 and switch I'll operate, as previously described.

If switch 78* is closed, the clutch Ill! will operate continuously, but the camera clutch 71 being under the control of switches 63, 64 will only operate to expose film while the mirror is scanning the copy between'the baffles H2, I I3.

The shutter can be omitted from the camera,

' if desired, when the device of Figure 11 is used,

as no film is exposed except when the mirror is actually scanning copy. When at rest, the mirror' frame 43 in the position shown in Figure 12 prevents light passing through the chamber 4| 0 via opening 46 to 4'! and vice-versa. The inner surface of chamber Mo and all external parts of the mirror frame 43 are finished in dull black to prevent light reflections, and the chamber Me is provided with any further desired means to pre vent light from passing therethrough except when 11 the mirror 44 forms part of the optical path between the openings 46 and 41.

If desired, the relay I2I can be omitted and the release member I08 of the clutch mechanically moved to operate the clutch. As the necessary lever arrangement to do this is well known it will not be described. Such a modification does not alter the control of the film in the camera.

The description thus far given applies to the apparatus when used as a camera and particularly as a camera for making negative microfilm at I from still copy located on the support 30. In all cases synchronous motors are used at 34 and as the film and the scanning mirror must move at fixed relative speeds. Other means such as an interconnected mechanical drive can be used but does not possess the freedom from tremor (nor insure that the developed film will be free from so-called washboard effects) as when all gears, belts and other elements liable to introduce vibration, are eliminated.

The apparatus will now be described when used as a projector-enlarger. Obviously, any of the scanner devices Figures 2, 9 or 11 can be employed with but slight differences in their operation or that of their associated control heads. Accordingly, the use of the apparatus as an enlarger will be described in connection with the scanner device Figure 2 and brief reference made to such differences therefrom, as exist when the scanner devices of Figures '7 and 11 are used.

To make an enlargement, the film I0 in the projector head (as fully described and illustrated in the co-pending application 547,131 before mentioned) is driven in the proper direction for projection and contains the usual images. A suitable light source I49 (Fig. projects a beam of light therethrough and through lens I6 along path 24a to mirror 44, which if moved will reflect this light down path 24 to form a strip image on a sensitized sheet held fixed on the support in the focal plane of the lens as previously described.

Referring to Fig. 8, switch 22 is opened to cut off the lamps 20, II, 22, and it now the switch 18 is operated as previously described, the mirror 44 will flow onto the selected area of the sensitized sheet at 30, whatever image is on the film I0.

If the sensitized paper is moved or flowed across the support in the focal plane of the lens,

by any suitable platen mechanism such as that described in the co-pending application Serial Number 547,131 previously mentioned, and in timed relation to the speed of the film I0 (the control head being set with the mirror stationary, by opening normally closed switch I23) switch I8 being closed and the fingers 50, 59 removed from shaft so that switches 63 and 64 are not cyclically operated, the device will operate continuously, transferring the images from the film by reflection (or one continuous image of any length) to the sensitized paper without further attention.

This is accomplished by the use of a synchronous motor to drive the paper feeding mechanism, all as disclosed in the aforesaid application Serial Number 547,131, and a synchronous motor I5 for the film drive in the projector, as disclosed herein.

The shutter I0 may be omitted when the device is used as a projector, as the projector lamp is never illuminated except when in use. If the shutter is used, no light will reach the sensitized paper except when the film is actually moving.

The disc 5| can be set to turn the mirror 44 so that the beam therefrom will lie stationary across the focal plane at 30 at some convenient point- 12 say at 15 on scale -and the mirror assembly locked in this position by gear 63 and nut 56. as previously described.

At the completion of a continuous run, as just described, the operation of the device is stopped by opening switch I3, thereby releasing relay 84, as previously described, and stopping the movement of the film.

The operation of the device 89 Figure 9 is much the same when used as a projector-enlarger as the device of Figure 2.

To make an enlargement using the moving mirror, the procedure is as previously described.

If the sensitized paper is flowed across support 30, the procedure is as previously described. The clutch SI, 92 is open as fingers 58, 59 are not used, and the mirror is stationary, the clutch being left in open position as shown in Figure 9.

The operation of the device I06, Figure 11, is much the same when used as a projector-enlarger as the device of Fig. 2.

To make an enlargement using the moving mirror, the procedure is as previously described.

It will be observed that the term scanning used herein refers to the action of the mirror 44 (which is an optical beam-deflecting means) in (a) receiving light reflected from copy on support 30 and deflecting said light to the lens I6 when the apparatus is used as a camera to impress images on a moving film, or (b) receiving light from a moving film and deflecting said light to a sensitized surface on said support.

Equivalent optical beam-deflecting means can be used instead of mirror 44.

The term scanning period used herein means the period of time during which the mirror 44 is actually reflecting light in either direction in paths 24 and 24a and applies when the apparatus is operating either as a camera or projectorenlarger.

Once the inventive concept herein disclosed is understood many obvious modifications in the rearrangement of the control mechanism herein described can be devised. As illustrative of some of these, references is now made to the following figures: In Fig. 15 is shown diagrammatically an arrangement wherein a foot treadle I25 is connected to a trip lever I26, similar to the trip lever I08 previously described. Trip lever I26 is normally tensioned by spring I21 to engage the nose of the trip cam member I0Ia of the clutch I01.

This arrangement therefore provides a pedal control for the clutch described in connection with Fig. 11.

If it is desired for the clutch to operate continuously then the pedal I25 may be locked down by any suitable known means (not shown).

Fig. 16 shows a clutch operated by a solenoid I28. This solenoid together with the clutch and other operating parts are mounted upon or within the apparatus which is generally indicated by the outline I29 but to facilitate the operation of the solenoid, a suitable flexible cord I30 carrying in its outer end the push button control switch I3I may extend from the cabinet frame I29 so that an operator seated in front of the apparatus, Fig. 1, will not have to lean forward in order to operate a button affixed to said apparatus. It will be understood that the wires I32 connected to a suitable source of power or may be connected in the control circuits previously described.

Obviously switch I3l can be a foot switch thus leaving the operators hands free.

Figs. 1'7, 18, and 19 show a simplified form of control. Here the shaft I33 is the driving shaft of the two discs are placed the clutch and carries the mirror and framework 43, 44. The shaft may be supported in a fixed bearing I34 and carries at its outer or left end in Fig. 17 a pair of contact members I35, I36 which are loosely supported on said shaft so as to be freely movable thereabout. Each of said members carries on its periphery an arcuate contact. The contact member, disc I35, may carry a contact I31 and the disc I35 may carry a contact I33 which is somewhat shorter than I31.

Contact I31 extends down around the outer fiat side of disc I35 as indicated at I33 so that when side by side as shown in Fig. 17, the contacts I31, I38 are in electrical connection with each other.

A pair of brushes I40, I are mounted to bear against the contacts I31 and I38. An indicator dial I4! is secured to the shaft I33 to rotate therewith by means of a key I 43 but is free to slide longitudinally on the shaft, the outer ends of which are threaded to receive a knob I44.

The outer face of the disc I35 is provided with indicia as shown at I45, the outer face of the disc I 36 is provided with indicia as shown at I48, and the outer face of the indicator dial I42 is provided with indicia as shown at I41.

Referring to Fig. 19 the camera clutch 11 being connected as shown in circuit with brushes I40, MI and their cooperating contacts I31, I38 and the wires at I48 being connected to a suitable source of power that as the shaft I33 is rotated, the operation of the camera clutch 11 will be controlled and that by relatively adjusting the position of contacts I31 and I38 the time at which this clutch is operated to start moving film and to stop said movement can be regulated in relation to the position of the mirror 44 in its sweep over the copy 23, as previously described.

It will be understood that the discs I35, I36 can be locked in any adjusted position in respect to each other and to the shaft I33 by tightening the nut I44 and that the said discs will only be rotated to control film when the clutch I01 is operated to connect shaft I33 to the driving motor.

What is claimed is:

1. In photographic apparatus, a support, a lens having its front focal plane coincident with the surface of said support, a film in the rear focus of said lens, a movable scanning member having a starting position and a scanning period during which period said member forms part of the optical path between said lens and the area of said support scanned thereby to permit images of objects in said area to be photographed on said film and images on said film to be projected to said support, means for determining at what point in said area said member' begins its scanning period, a motor, means including an electrically operated clutch for connecting said scanning member to said motor to be moved thereby, and switching means actuated by said motor for controlling said clutch to disconnect said motor from said scanning member.

2. In apparatus having a movable scanning member forming part of the optical path in said apparatus, a casing, a motor within said casing, a clutch within said casing connected to said motor, a shaft in said casing on which said scanning member is supported and to which said clutch is connected, a plate in one end of said casing through which said shaft extends, adjustable control means mounted on said shaft and movable thereabout, and means operated by said control means to cause said clutch to engage and thereby move said scanning member and to disengage and thereby stop the movement of said scanning member dependent upon the adjustment of said control means, said motor being in operation the while.

3. In photographic apparatus, a lens, means definin an area to be scanned, a movable scan ning member having a starting position and a scanning period during which period said member forms part of the optical path between said lens and said area scanned thereby, means for determining at what point in said area said member begins its scanning period, a motor, a clutch between said motor and scanning member, control means operated by said motor for operating said clutch to connect and disconnect said motor and scanning member, a film in the back focal plane of said lens, and means for moving said film in timed relation to the movement of said scanning member, said last means being controlled by said control means to start and stop the movement of said film.

4. In apparatus havin a movable scanning member forming part of an optical path in said apparatus, a shaft for said member, a plate through which said shaft extends, fingers adjustably secured to the outer end of said shaft and adapted to be fixed in various positions over the outer face of said plate, a motor, a clutch for connecting said motor to said shaft, control means operated by said fingers for operating said clutch, a film, means for moving said film in timed relation to the movement of said scanning member, and control means operated by said fingers for starting and stopping said last means.

5. In apparatus of the class described, a casing forming a chamber and having two longitudinal slots therein, a revolvable mirror in said chamber adapted when in one position to deflect a beam of light entering one slot outwardly through the other slot, and when in another position to act as a light barrier in the optical path between said slots, 9. lens opposite one of said slots, means for moving a film past the back focus of said lens, a support opposite the other of said slots, and motor means for moving said film and mirror in timed relation whereby during each revolution of said mirror the optical path in said casing is alternately completed and interrupted.

6. The combination as claimed in claim 5 including control means operated by said motor means associated with the film moving means whereby same may be rendered inoperative during a portion of the revolution of said mirror.

7. The combination as claimed in claim 2 including control means operated by said motor whereby the time said film moving means is in operation can be pre-determined for a part of each revolution of the scanning member.

8. In an optical apparatus a support, a lens having its front focal plane co-existent with the surface of said support, a film in the rear focus of said lens, a scanning device including a mirror having a fixed path of movement, means for starting the movement of said device at a predetermined point in said path, said mirror forming part of the optical path of said apparatus during at least a part of its movement whereby images of objects on said support may be photographed on said film and images on said film may be projected to said support, means for stopping the movement of said device at a second predetermined point in its path of movement, a

- switch in circuit with said relay,

at said second predetermined. point including a movable arm engaging said clutch to disengage same from said motor.

9. In an optical apparatus having a lens, a support in the front focal plane of said lens. an oscillating scanning mirror adapted to scan said support and forming part of the optical path between said support and said lens during a part of its movement, a circuit including a relay, a

said relay having a pair of normally open contacts bridging said switch to disable same when said relay is energized by closing said switch, a second pair of normally open contacts adapted to be closed when said relay is energized, a motor, a second relay controlled by said second pair of contacts, and means for moving a film past said lens in the back focus thereof controlled by said second relay to permit images of objects on said support to be photographed on said film and images on said film to be projected to said support.

10. In an optical apparatus having a lens, a

support in the front focal plane of said lens, an

oscillating scanning mirror adapted to scan said support and forming part of the optical path between said lens and support during a part of its movement, a motor for oscillating said mirror, a circuit including a relay, a switch in circuit with said relay having normally open contacts controlling said switch to disable same after said relay is energized, a second pair of contacts adapted to be closed when said relay is energized, a clutch between said motor and mirror controlled by said second pair of contacts, means for moving a film past said lens in the back focus of same controlled by said second relay, a starting switch operated by said first motor to control said second relay, and a stopping switch operated by said motor to control both said relays to permit images of objects on said support to be photographed on said film and images on said film to be projected on said support.

11. In. an optical apparatus having a lens, a support in the front focal plane of said lens, an oscillating scanning mirror adapted to scan said support and forming part of the optical path between said lens and support during a part of its movement, a shaft movable in timed relation to said mirror, a motor for oscillating said mirror, a circuit including a relay, a switch in circuit with said relay having normally open contacts controlling said switch to disable same after said relay is energized, a second pair of contacts adapted to be closed when said relay is energized, a clutch between said motor and mirror controlled by said second pair of contacts, and means for moving a film past said lens in the back focus of same controlled by said second relay, 3. pair of fingers adjustably secured to said shaft, a starting switch operated by one of said fingers to control said second relay, and a stopping switch operated by the other of saidfingers to control both said relays to permit images of objects on said support to be photographed on said film and images on said film to be projected on said support.

12. In an apparatus of the class described, a lens, motor means for moving film transverse the axis of said lens, a second motor, scanning means operable by said second motor, a clutch between said second motor and scanning means, a shaft driven by said clutch, control means in id cluding a pair of contact discs angularly adjustable about said shaft for controlling the operation of said film moving means, and a circuit including said contacts and said first'motor.

13. In an apparatus of the class described, a lens, motor means for moving film transverse the axis of said lens, a motor, scanning means operable by said motor, a clutch between said motor and said scanning means, a shaft operated by said clutch contact means operated by said shaft and angularly adiustable thereabout for electrically controlling the operation of said first motor, and a circuit including a source of current, said contact means and said first motor.

14. In apparatus of the class described, a support, a lens adapted to have its front focal plane focussed on objects on said support, a film in the rear focus of said lens, means for moving said film transverse the axis of said lens, a movable scanning device adapted to form part of thex optical path between said lens and support, a motor for driving said scanning device, a clutch between said scanning device and said motor, a shaft extending from said scanning. device, a control finger carried by said shaft and adjustable thereabout, and means operated by said finger for controlling said clutch.

15. In apparatus having a movable scanning member forming part of the optical path in said apparatus, a casing, a motor within said casing, a clutch within said casing connected to said motor, a shaft in said casing on which said scanning member is supported and to which said clutch is connected, a plate in one end of said casing through which said shaft extends, adjustable control means mounted on said shaft and movable thereabout, and means including an arm extending through said plate and operated by said control means to cause said clutch to engage and thereby move said scanning member and to disengage and thereby stop the movement of said scanning member depending upon the adjustment of said control means, said motor being in operation the while.

16. In apparatus having a movable scanning member forming part of the optical path in said apparatus, a casing, a motor within said casing, a clutch within said casing connected to said motor, a shaft in said casing on which said scanning member is supported and to which said clutch is connected, a plate in one end of said casing through which said shaft extends, adjustable control means mounted on said shaft and movable thereabout, means operated by said control means to cause said clutch to engage and thereby move said scanning member and to disengage and thereby stop the movement of said scanning member dependent upon the adjustment of said control means, said motor being in operation the while, and a film and means for moving said film in timed relation to the movement of said scanning member, said last means being controlled by said adjustable control means on said shaft.

1'7. In apparatus having a movable scanning member forming part of the optical path in said apparatus, a casing, a motor within said casing, a clutch within said casing connected to said motor, a shaft in said casing on which said scanning member is supported and to which said clutch is connected, a plate in one end of said casing through which said shaft extends, adjustable control means mounted on said shaft and movable thereabout, and means operated by said control means to cause said clutch to en- 1 gage and thereby move said scanning member and to disengage and thereby stop the movement of said scanning member dependent upon the adjustment of said control means, said motor being in operation the while, said plate being adjustable about said shaft, said plate and shaft being in engagement whereby movement of said plate is communicated to said shaft and the scanning member thereon to change the an-- gular position of said scanning member relative in to said casing.

VERNEUR E. PRATT. GEORGE F. GRAY.

18 nmnancas crran The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PA'I'EN'IS Number Name Date Andersen Nov. 13, 1917 Tomlinson May 7, 1918 Sloman Nov. 5, 1918 Hopkins Jan. 8, 1935 Wallace July 26, 1938 Fassel Oct. 24, 1939 Davies Nov. 9. 1943 

